GPSONE是(shi)(shi)美(mei)國(guo)高(gao)通公司為基于位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)業務(wu)開發的(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),采用(yong)Client/Server方式。它(ta)將(jiang)無(wu)線(xian)輔助AGPS和(he)前向(xiang)鏈路AFLT三角(jiao)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)法兩種(zhong)(zhong)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)有機結合(he),實(shi)現高(gao)精度(du)(du)、高(gao)可用(yong)性(xing)和(he)較高(gao)速度(du)(du)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。在(zai)這兩種(zhong)(zhong)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)均無(wu)法使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)環境(jing)中,GPSONE會自(zi)動切換(huan)到Cell ID扇區(qu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)方式,確保(bao)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成功率。GPSONE是(shi)(shi)基于CDMA網絡(luo)(luo)(luo)的(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。在(zai)移(yi)動通信網絡(luo)(luo)(luo)中,通常(chang)有以下幾種(zhong)(zhong)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu): 一是(shi)(shi)基于Cell ID的(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),它(ta)由(you)網絡(luo)(luo)(luo)側獲取用(yong)戶(hu)當前所在(zai)的(de)(de)基站(zhan)Cell信息以獲取用(yong)戶(hu)當前位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi),其(qi)精度(du)(du)取決于移(yi)動基站(zhan)的(de)(de)分(fen)布及(ji)覆蓋范圍的(de)(de)大小; 二是(shi)(shi)基于AFLT的(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),AFLT(Advanced Forward Link Trilateration)是(shi)(shi)CDMA技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),在(zai)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)操(cao)作(zuo)時,手機/終(zhong)(zhong)端同(tong)時監聽多個(ge)基站(zhan)的(de)(de)導頻(pin)信息,利用(yong)碼片時延來(lai)確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)到附近基站(zhan)的(de)(de)距離,用(yong)三角(jiao)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)法算(suan)(suan)出具體位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi); 三是(shi)(shi)基于AGPS(無(wu)線(xian)網絡(luo)(luo)(luo)輔助GPS定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu))的(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),AGPS將(jiang)終(zhong)(zhong)端的(de)(de)工作(zuo)簡化,由(you)網絡(luo)(luo)(luo)側的(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)服務(wu)器(qi)(qi)與終(zhong)(zhong)端相互(hu)配合(he)完成定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)工作(zuo),就是(shi)(shi)將(jiang)衛星掃描及(ji)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)運算(suan)(suan)等繁重的(de)(de)工作(zuo)從終(zhong)(zhong)端一側轉移(yi)到網絡(luo)(luo)(luo)一側的(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)服務(wu)器(qi)(qi)完成。
AGPS(Assisted GPS的縮寫),即輔助GPS定位系統。AGPS全稱是網絡輔助的GPS定位系統,在手機定位及跟蹤定位設備中有著廣泛的應用。AGPS是在GPS通過衛星接受定位信號的基礎上,同時結合移動運營商所提供的網絡基站的定位信息來進行輔助定位的一種技術,可以在GSM/GPRS、WCDMA和CDMA2000網絡中使用。AGPS通過設備中的GPS接收芯片獲取來自衛星的定位信息,同時通過移動網絡(如GPRS)下載輔助的定位信息,兩者相結合來完成定位。通常情況下GPS冷啟動的需要幾分鐘的時間,有了AGPS功能,設備在冷啟動時無須再接收衛星信息資料,通過移動網絡便很快得到了當前的星歷和方位角等信息。該技術需要在設備內有GPS模塊,并需要無線通信模塊使用特定的天線。在滿足以上兩個條件的同時,要在移動網絡上加建位置服務器、差分GPS基準站等設備。如果要提高該方案在室內等GPS信號屏蔽地區的定位有效性,該技術還提出需要增添類似于EOTD方案中的位測量單元(LMU)。
DGPS(Difference Global Positioning System英文單詞的縮寫),即差分全球定位系統。由于當前GPS全球衛星定位系統精度不能滿足人們定位導航的需要,因此,研究人員提出了差分定位系統的概念。其方法是在已確測定坐標的參照物上設置GPS接收機,并和移動臺上的GPS接收機同步觀測不少于四顆的同一組衛星,求得該時刻的差分修正數(位置差分、偽距差分、相位平滑偽距差分和相位差分等修正數),通過無線電數據鏈把這些改正數實時播發給在附近工作的移動臺(用戶)或事后傳送給移動臺(用戶),由移動臺(用戶)用所收到的差分改正數對其GPS定位數據進行實時修正,其目的是消除公共誤差項,有效地減弱相關誤差的影響,進而獲得更確的定位結果,提高定位精度。DGPS相對于GPS能為用戶的導航定位精度帶來數量級的提高,在飛機進場著陸、無人機、彈道軌跡測量、車輛定位導航等航空、航天、航海及車載領域得到應用。
LBS (Location Based Service) 即移(yi)動(dong)位(wei)置服(fu)務(wu),它是通過(guo)電信移(yi)動(dong)運營商的(de)(de)(de)(de)GSM或CDMA網絡和衛星定(ding)位(wei)系統(tong)結合(he)在一起獲取移(yi)動(dong)終端用(yong)(yong)戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)緯度坐(zuo)標等位(wei)置信息(xi),在電子地(di)圖平(ping)臺的(de)(de)(de)(de)支持下,為用(yong)(yong)戶提供相應服(fu)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一種增(zeng)值(zhi)業(ye)務(wu)。LBS要(yao)求基站的(de)(de)(de)(de)覆蓋率高(gao)。不但要(yao)求覆蓋的(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍(wei)(wei)足夠大(da),還要(yao)求覆蓋的(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍(wei)(wei)包括(kuo)室內。LBS的(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)位(wei)精(jing)度一方面(mian)與采用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)位(wei)技術有關,另一方面(mian)還取決于提供業(ye)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)外部環境,包括(kuo)無線電傳播環境、基站的(de)(de)(de)(de)密度和地(di)理位(wei)置、以及定(ding)位(wei)所(suo)用(yong)(yong)設備等。